Dimensões da patela relacionadas à massa corporal do cão para emprego na confecção de prótese: estudo em cadáver / Patellar dimensions related to canine body mass for use in the manufacture of prosthesis: cadaver study

O objetivo deste trabalho foi mensurar as dimensões da patela de cadáveres caninos e avaliar sua relação com a massa corporal. Para a realização das medidas patelares, foram utilizados 70 cadáveres de cães adultos, com massa corpórea de 1 a 50kg, sem evidência clínica de afecção na articulação femorotibiopatelar. Com auxílio de um paquímetro, foram mensurados os comprimentos externo e interno, a largura externa no terço médio, a largura e a espessura internas nos terços proximal, médio e distal das patelas. Também foram mensuradas a largura nos terços proximal, médio e distal, a profundidade nos terços proximal, médio e distal do sulco troclear; essas medidas foram exclusivamente internas. Observou-se, de forma geral, forte correlação entre as medidas patelares e a massa corporal de cadáveres de cães. Nas condições deste estudo, pode-se concluir que o tamanho da patela varia segundo a massa corporal do cão e que essas medidas devem ser consideradas ao se planejar uma substituição protética.(AU)

The aim of this study was to measure the canine cadaver patellar dimensions and evaluate its relationship with body mass. 70 cadavers of adult dogs were used, with a body mass between 1 and 50kg, without clinical evidence of affection in the stifle joint. The external and internal lengths, external width in the middle third, width and thickness of the proximal, middle and distal thirds were measured using a pachymeter. The width was also measured in the proximal third, middle third and distal third, depth in the proximal third, middle third and distal third of the trochlear groove; these measurements were exclusively internal. A strong correlation was observed between the patellar dimension and body mass of canine cadavers. Under this study conditions, it is possible to conclude that the patellar size varies according to the canine body mass and these measures should be considered when planning a prosthetic replacement.(AU)

Total knee arthroplasty with subvastus approach in patient with chronic post-traumatic patellar dislocation / Artroplastia total de joelho por via subvasto em paciente com luxação crônica pós-traumática de patela

ABSTRACT Chronic lateral dislocation of the patella is a rare condition and acquired causes are usually secondary to knee trauma. The neglected chronic dislocation leads to progressive genu valgum and external tibial torsion deformities with subsequent gonarthrosis, which becomes painful and debilitating. There is no consensus regarding treatment of these patients, but total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a useful therapy in cases of painful symptomatic gonarthrosis. Few reports have shown that subvastus approach and lateral release may be a valid option for TKA, since it allows the correction of valgus deformity and patellar tracking without interrupting vascular blood supply of patella. This article reports a case of TKA and extensor mechanism realignment without patellar resurfacing in a patient with genu valgum and chronic post-traumatic patellar dislocation with satisfactory results after two years of follow-up.

RESUMO A luxação crônica da patela é uma patologia rara e o trauma sua principal causa adquirida. Quando negligenciada, leva ao geno valgo progressivo, à torção externa da tíbia e à subsequente artrose debilitante. Não existe consenso na literatura com relação ao tratamento desses pacientes, porém a artroplastia total de joelho (ATJ) tem se mostrado um procedimento eficaz em casos de gonartrose sintomática dolorosa. Poucos relatos mostraram que a via subvasto associada à liberação lateral é uma opção válida para ATJ, já que permite a correção de deformidades em valgo e da boa excursão patelar, sem interrupção do suprimento sanguíneo. Relatamos um caso de uma paciente com geno valgo e luxação crônica pós-traumática de patela submetida a ATJ associada ao realinhamento do mecanismo extensor, com resultados satisfatórios persistentes após seguimento de dois anos.

Exame ortopédico, com e sem anestesia geral, de cães com luxação patelar medial / Orthopedic exam differences in awake and anaesthetized dogs with medial patellar luxation

Compararam-se os achados musculotendinosos e osteoarticulares encontrados em cães com luxação patelar medial, por meio do exame ortopédico realizado com e sem anestesia geral. Para tal, foram utilizados 11 joelhos de 10 cães, sem distinção de sexo, idade e raça, os quais apresentaram luxação patelar medial dos graus II, III e IV, diagnosticada clinicamente. O exame ortopédico específico da articulação do joelho foi realizado previamente à cirurgia, com o animal sem anestesia, e, no dia da cirurgia, com o cão já anestesiado. Verificou-se, quanto aos achados osteoarticulares, que não houve diferenças. Já em relação aos achados musculotendinosos, houve diferença entre as avaliações do movimento de gaveta e dos músculos sartório e retofemoral.

This study aimed to compare the osteoarticular and musculotendineal findings in dogs with medial patellar luxation by orthopedic examination performed with and without general anesthesia. For this we used 11 knees of 10 dogs without distinction of sex, age and race, which had medial patellar luxation in grades II, III and IV, diagnosed clinically. The specific orthopedic examination of the knee joint was performed prior to surgery with the non-anaesthetised dog, and on the day of surgery with the same patient already anesthetized. Regarding the osteoarticular results, no differences were found. In relation to the musculotendineal results, differences were observed between the assessments of the drawer movement and sartorius and rectum femoral muscle tension.

Luxação de patela em cães: estudo retrospectivo / Patellar luxation in dogs: a retrospective study

A five-year retrospective study of dogs with patellar luxation was performed. A total of 75 dogs (n=122limbs) were studied: 82.7% (n=62) had medial luxation, 14.6% (n=11) had lateral luxation, and 2.7%(n=2) had both luxations in same stifle joint. Considering the dogs with medial patellar luxation, 6.7%(n=5) were mixed-breed and 76% (n=57) were purebred, with high prevalence in Poodles (n=27; 35.6%),Pinschers (n=13; 17.3%), and Yorkshires (n=4; 5.3%). Of the dogs with lateral patellar luxation, one(1.3%) was mixed-breed and 13.3% were purebred, with high prevalence in Poodles (n=6; 8%) andPinschers (n=2; 2.7%). Regarding the 62 dogs with medial patellar luxation, 20 were unilateral and 42bilateral. Of the 11 dogs with lateral patellar luxation, five were unilateral and six bilateral. Statistically,females were more affected than males by both medial and lateral patellar luxations. The grade II (25;33.3%) of patellar luxation was the most often in medial luxation followed by grades III (20; 26.7%), IV(11; 14.7%), and I (16; 7.9%). The grade II (5; 6.7%) was the most often in lateral luxation followed bygrade I (4; 5.3%), and simultaneously grades III (1.3%) and IV (1.3%). The surgical treatment wasperformed in 64 dogs and the others were submitted a conservative management. It was possible toconclude that among the dogs with patellar luxation evaluated in this study, the most affected were toyand miniature breeds and female dogs with medial patellar luxation.